Common Reasons for Swollen Bumps on the Tongue

Swelling or bumps on the tongue are quite common and usually harmless. These bumps, known as papillae, are located on the surface of the tongue, primarily on the sides and tip. They are the same color as the tongue and contribute to its coarse texture. These bumps contain taste buds and temperature sensors essential for tasting and sensing hot or cold foods. While normal bumps are a natural part of the tongue's anatomy, enlargement can indicate underlying issues. Here are four typical causes of swollen tongue bumps.

Trauma to the tongue - Accidental biting or burns from hot foods or beverages can cause the tongue to swell. The bumps may enlarge temporarily, causing a bumpy appearance. Usually, these resolve within a few days without specific treatment. Home remedies like saltwater rinses or eating soft, cold foods can reduce discomfort.

Canker sores - These small ulcers typically develop inside the lips but can also appear on the tongue. The bumps become larger, painful, and may look yellow, red, or white. They tend to heal naturally, but persistent pain might need medical attention.

Herpes simplex infection - Spread through contact with infected saliva or skin, oral herpes causes painful blisters on the tongue and around the mouth. These blisters increase the size of tongue bumps and can last for weeks. Cold sore blisters are visible and often accompanied by pain, as seen in online images.

Tuberculosis complications - Although rare, TB can cause deep ulcers or lesions on the tongue, sometimes appearing as enlarged bumps. These may be among the first signs of TB infection, with images showing ulcerated, mucus-filled lesions on the tongue.