Top 4 Causes of Meningitis and How They Affect You

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It occurs when these membranes become infected by pathogens, leading to symptoms like stiff neck, headaches, and fever. While some cases resolve naturally in a few weeks, others can be severe or life-threatening, requiring prompt medical attention. Understanding the different types of meningitis and their causes is vital for prevention and treatment.

Primary Causes of Meningitis
Viral meningitis is the most common, followed by bacterial meningitis. Fungal meningitis remains extremely rare.

Viral meningitis: This form is generally mild, with symptoms often subsiding within days. Viruses like herpes, mumps, HIV, and West Nile can cause it. It is usually not contagious, especially when transmitted by mosquitoes.

Bacterial meningitis: Occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread to the brain and spinal cord, causing aggressive symptoms. Common bacteria include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Listeria monocytogenes. Head injuries, ear infections, surgeries, or sinus issues can also trigger bacterial meningitis.

Fungal meningitis: This rare form results from fungal infections like Cryptococcal meningitis, particularly when the immune system is compromised, such as in AIDS patients. It’s non-contagious and requires antifungal treatment to prevent severe complications.

Chronic meningitis: Caused by slow-growing fungi, this type develops over weeks or more, affecting the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Contagiousness of Meningitis: Typically, bacterial and viral meningitis can spread between people. Other types are generally not contagious. Still, caution is advised when sharing spaces with someone affected by meningitis.