Top 6 Risk Factors for Developing Melanoma

While melanoma is not the most common form of skin cancer, it accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. According to the American Cancer Society, nearly 87,000 new melanoma cases are diagnosed annually, and the number is rising.

Various factors influence an individual's likelihood of developing melanoma, including…

Skin, hair, and eye pigmentation
People with fair skin, red or blonde hair, and many freckles are more prone to sunburns. Their lower melanin levels offer less protection against harmful UV rays from the sun.

Even those with darker features should take precautions, as UV exposure can affect everyone.

Geographical location
Areas closer to the equator, like Australia and New Zealand, see higher skin cancer rates due to increased UV radiation exposure.

Presence of atypical moles
Having many moles or unusual skin markings can elevate melanoma risk. Specifically, having over 50 moles or large, irregularly shaped, or discolored moles can increase susceptibility, though most moles are benign.

Weakened immune system
People with compromised immunity, such as those with HIV, undergoing immune-suppressing treatments, or recent surgeries, face a higher chance of melanoma, as noted by the Canadian Cancer Society.

Genetic predisposition
Family history plays a role; mutations like CDKN2A are linked to familial melanoma cases. About 25% of such cases carry this inherited genetic change, increasing risk.

Sun exposure and tanning
Frequent tanning, whether via sunbathing or tanning beds, significantly raises melanoma risk. The Mayo Clinic emphasizes that unprotected exposure to intense sunlight can be hazardous.