Key Indicators of Multiple Myeloma You Should Recognize

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer originating in plasma cells within the bone marrow. When malignant cells accumulate, they outnumber healthy blood cells and produce abnormal proteins instead of fighting infections, leading to various health issues.

Symptoms may vary and often resemble other illnesses, making early detection challenging. Blood or urine tests can identify the disease even if no symptoms are apparent. Common signs of myeloma include:

Extreme Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and low energy impact daily activities, caused by abnormal cytokine levels.

Low Red Blood Cell Count (Anemia): Results in insufficient oxygen delivery throughout the body as healthy red blood cells are suppressed or overwhelmed.

Bone Discomfort: Bone pain, especially in ribs and back, occurs as cancer damages bone tissue and reduces density, sometimes leading to vertebral collapse in advanced stages.

High M Protein Levels: Excess abnormal proteins can harm kidneys and impair their function.

General Body Pain: Weakness and numbness may arise if collapsing vertebrae impinge on the spinal cord or nerves.

Elevated Calcium (Hypercalcemia): Bone breakdown releases calcium into the bloodstream, causing kidney issues, constipation, and drowsiness.

Bleeding and Blood Count Issues: Nosebleeds, bruising, bleeding gums, and vision problems may occur with low platelet levels.

Immune Suppression and Fever: Reduced immunity leads to frequent infections in the respiratory system and other areas.

Additional Symptoms: Nausea, excessive thirst, weight loss, muscle weakness, mental confusion, and kidney problems can also be signs of myeloma.