Understanding Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Complete Guide

Understanding Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Comprehensive Overview

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure aimed at joining two or more vertebrae in the spine to eliminate movement between them. This technique mimics the natural healing of broken bones by placing a bone-like material between the affected vertebrae to prevent further motion. The goal is to stabilize the spine and promote natural healing. Since the procedure affects key vertebrae, it can alter your movement patterns and place additional stress on neighboring bones, potentially accelerating their wear.

Spinal fusion is typically performed to increase spinal stability, especially after injuries or deformities. Surgeons recommend it in specific cases such as unstable fractures, severe deformities like scoliosis or kyphosis, spinal instability caused by arthritis, spondylolisthesis, or post-hernia stabilization. While generally safe, potential risks include infections, blood clots, nerve injury, bleeding, or delayed healing.

Preparation involves cleaning the surgical site and discussing ongoing medications with your doctor. During surgery, general anesthesia is administered. The surgeon makes an incision near the affected vertebrae, inserts a bone graft (from your pelvis or a donor), and uses screws and plates to secure the vertebrae as they fuse over time. Synthetic grafts may also be used to accelerate healing.

Post-surgery, patients typically stay in hospital for 2-3 days and experience pain managed with medication. Long-term recovery includes wearing a brace and relearning daily activities. Regular check-ups are essential to monitor healing and prevent complications such as infection or non-union.