Understanding Common Causes of Cold and Flu

The cold and flu are prevalent respiratory illnesses that tend to spike during winter. While many believe that inadequate clothing causes these ailments, the real culprits are over 200 viruses capable of infecting the respiratory tract. These viruses weaken the immune system, leading to symptoms associated with cold and flu. The flu results from the influenza virus, whereas the common cold is typically caused by adenoviruses or coronaviruses. Let’s delve into some primary factors behind these illnesses.

Cold viruses often spread through inhalation of airborne particles from coughs, sneezes, or speech of infected individuals, or via contact with contaminated surfaces. Rhinoviruses, the main agents, can survive up to three hours on surfaces and hands. Other virus groups involved include coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus. Conversely, the flu primarily spreads through droplets from an infected person, especially during peak season from fall to spring. Influenza A, B, and C are the main culprits causing seasonal outbreaks.

Beyond these transmission routes, the symptoms arise from specific immune responses. When viruses invade your body, they initiate cell destruction, leading to inflammation. This immune response is what results in the typical cold and flu symptoms, emphasizing the importance of proper care and hygiene during peak seasons.