Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease: Stages, Causes, Signs, and Management
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline, primarily affecting seniors. Early detection is crucial, and treatments focus on symptom management. Risk factors include age, genetics, and health habits. Understanding stages and symptoms helps in timely intervention, with medications and cognitive activities aiding in improving quality of life and slowing progression.
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder that damages brain cells, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. Predominantly affecting older adults, it is also called dementia. Current estimates suggest that around 80% of the population in the country are impacted by this condition, and this number is projected to double by 2050. Many individuals may not recognize early symptoms due to their subtlety, but severity increases in later stages.
Alzheimer’s progresses through several phases, including:
Preclinical stage
Mild cognitive impairment
Dementia
Beyond these, the disease can be categorized into seven stages based on symptom severity.
What Causes Alzheimer’s?
It results from impaired brain cell functionality. Over time, nerve cells deteriorate rather than dying suddenly. Those with Alzheimer’s tend to have fewer nerve cells and lesser neural tissue deposits. The primary deposits, termed plaques and tangles, form in brain tissues damaged over time. These are mainly composed of beta-amyloid protein for plaques, and tau protein for tangles. While causes remain unclear, risk factors include:
Family history of Alzheimer’s
Aging
Specific genetic traits
Poor cardiovascular health
Key Symptoms
Early detection is vital for managing Alzheimer’s. Major signs include memory loss and decreased functioning. Common symptoms are:
Difficulty recalling recent information
Problems recognizing faces and visuospatial difficulties
Speech hesitations, reading, or writing issues
Behavioral changes like apathy, social withdrawal, and compulsive actions
Impaired judgment and problem-solving skills
Available Treatments
While a cure isn't yet possible, treatments aim to lessen symptoms. Options include:
Medications such as tacrine, donepezil, and rivastigmine to relieve symptoms
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for those who can't tolerate other drugs
Participating in group activities to support overall well-being
Cognitive exercises to maintain brain function and slow progression
