Understanding aortic aneurysm: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatments

Aortic aneurysm is a medical condition where the body's largest blood vessel, the aorta, enlarges or bulges. Although the aorta's walls are typically robust, weakening over time leads to aneurysm formation. This serious condition can result in life-threatening complications such as heart attacks, strokes, kidney issues, or rupture. Recognizing symptoms and seeking prompt treatment are vital for effective management.

Signs and Symptoms
Most aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic initially. As the aneurysm enlarges, symptoms may suddenly appear, affecting nearby organs and tissues.

Chest Discomfort
Sudden, intense chest pain is a typical sign, especially indicating a thoracic aortic aneurysm in the upper chest area. The pain is often sharp and persistent.

Back, Neck, and Jaw Pain
Sharp pain in the back, neck, or jaw that doesn’t ease with movement might signal a thoracic aneurysm. Similar discomfort can spread to these regions.

Abdominal Discomfort
An abdominal aneurysm near the stomach causes abdominal pain, which may worsen with activity or eating. Accompanying symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and a pulsating sensation in the abdomen.

Other Symptoms

Breathing difficulties and dizziness: Pressure on the windpipe may lead to breathing issues and dizziness.

Irregular heartbeat: Disrupted blood flow might cause abnormal heart rhythms.

Fatigue and weakness: Reduced blood supply to organs results in persistent tiredness.

Swelling in face, neck, or arms: If the aneurysm affects blood return from the upper body, swelling may occur.

Persistent cough, wheezing, or hoarseness: These respiratory signs can be linked to aneurysm pressing on airway structures.

Fullness sensation in the stomach: Feeling full after small meals or constant stomach fullness may hint at an abdominal aneurysm.

Managing Aortic Aneurysm at Home

Maintain a heart-healthy diet: Consume fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like fish or chicken, and low-fat dairy. Reduce saturated and trans fats and limit salt intake to support cardiovascular health.

Stress reduction: Managing stress helps prevent blood pressure spikes that can worsen aneurysms.

Regular exercise: Engage in light to moderate activities such as walking for 30 minutes daily, avoiding intense workouts that may aggravate the condition.

Medical Treatments for Aortic Aneurysm

Open surgery: Removal of the bulging section of the aorta replaced with a synthetic graft. This option is often used for larger or ruptured aneurysms.

Endovascular repair: A minimally invasive procedure where a stent is inserted to reinforce the weakened aorta walls, reducing rupture risk.