Effective Strategies for Managing Knee Osteoarthritis

Although aging is a prominent risk factor for developing knee osteoarthritis, individuals of all ages may be affected, especially if there is a hereditary predisposition. This condition, often called degenerative joint disease, involves the breakdown of cartilage cushioning between bones. As cartilage deteriorates, bones grind directly against each other, causing severe pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited movement, sometimes leading to bone spur formation. Recognizing and managing these symptoms early can significantly improve quality of life.

How is knee osteoarthritis diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional. Their assessment includes reviewing medical history and symptoms—such as pain, stiffness, and swelling—and understanding what worsens or alleviates these issues. Family history of arthritis may also be relevant. Additional tests like X-rays can reveal joint damage and bone spurs, while MRI scans help detect soft tissue injuries. Blood tests might be ordered to rule out other similar conditions.

What treatment options are available for knee osteoarthritis?
The primary goal is to reduce pain and restore joint mobility. Treatment plans may include:

Weight management: Losing even a small amount of weight can significantly lessen stress on the knees.

Exercise: Strengthening the muscles around the knee enhances joint stability and reduces discomfort. Flexibility exercises help maintain mobility.

Medications: Over-the-counter drugs like ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and naproxen can provide relief but should be limited to short-term use to avoid side effects. More potent anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed if necessary.

Injections: Corticosteroid injections reduce inflammation, and hyaluronic acid injections improve joint lubrication, easing movement.

Alternative therapies: Options include topical creams with capsaicin, dietary supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin, and acupuncture.

Support devices: Knee braces, including support braces and unloader braces, help stabilize the joint and decrease inflammation by redistributing weight.

Physical therapy: Tailored exercises strengthen knee muscles and improve flexibility, while occupational therapy offers strategies to perform daily activities with less pain.

Surgical options: When conservative treatments fail, procedures like osteotomy, joint replacement (arthroplasty), or arthroscopy might be necessary.

What are the surgical interventions for knee osteoarthritis?
The main surgical methods include:

Osteotomy: Adjusts bone alignment to offload damaged areas, recommended for localized damage or post-injury misalignment. However, it is not always permanent and may require further procedures.

Joint replacement (arthroplasty): Involves replacing the damaged knee with a bio-compatible prosthesis, suitable mainly for patients over 50 with severe symptoms.

Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure using a tiny camera to repair joint structures, often suitable for younger patients.

By adopting these treatment strategies and maintaining good health habits, individuals can effectively manage knee osteoarthritis and improve their quality of life.