Warning Signs of Prostate Cancer You Should Know

Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland and remains one of the most diagnosed cancers among men in the United States. Recognizing its symptoms early can lead to better outcomes. Here’s what to watch for.

The prostate, a small gland about the size of a walnut, sits below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary role is to produce fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Cancer occurs when these cells grow uncontrollably.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the U.S. The American Cancer Society estimates around 221,000 new cases annually. Mainly affecting men over 50, risk factors include age, family history, ethnicity, diet, smoking, obesity, exposure to toxins, vasectomy, and sexually transmitted infections.

While the exact cause remains unknown, risk reduction is possible by managing controllable factors. Diagnosis often involves a digital rectal exam and PSA blood test. Confirmatory testing includes a biopsy. Treatment varies based on age, health, tumor size, and stage, with options such as radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal, or biologic therapies.

Common Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

In early stages, symptoms may not be apparent due to slow growth. As the disease progresses, symptoms may emerge:

Urinary issues: Difficulty urinating, frequent urges, blood in urine, pain or burning during urination, decreased urine flow, or loss of bladder control.

Other signs: Pain during ejaculation, swelling in legs, blood in semen, bone pains, numbness in lower limbs, pelvic swelling, or erectile difficulties.

Late-stage symptoms depend on cancer spread, often affecting surrounding tissues or bones, leading to pain or fractures. Symptoms may resemble other health issues, making routine screenings crucial for early detection, especially for men over 50 or those with risk factors. Early diagnosis is vital for effective treatment planning.