Understanding Allergic Cough: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

An allergic cough results from inflammation of the bronchi, usually triggered by allergens or substances your immune system overreacts to. Common culprits include dust, mold, and pollen, which can lead to persistent and recurring coughs. When allergic bronchitis persists beyond three months, it is referred to as chronic bronchitis, often linked with emphysema, and falls under the spectrum of COPD. Misidentification with a cold is common, but proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.

Identifying the specific causes is key. Allergic coughs are often due to an overactive immune response, releasing histamine and leading to symptoms like coughing, runny nose, and nasal swelling. A family history of allergies increases risk, with a 33% chance if one parent is allergic and up to 70% if both are. External factors like air pollution and chemical fumes can also provoke symptoms. Different allergens can affect individuals differently, with some triggering significant reactions and others not.

Prolonged allergic bronchitis, particularly over three months, is frequently caused by smoking exposure. Cigarette smoke irritates airway linings, boosting mucus production and worsening symptoms. Key signs of allergic cough include a prolonged cough lasting weeks or months, which can occur in any season, often triggered suddenly upon allergen exposure—such as during dusting. Additional signs include itchy, watery eyes, sore throat, and a runny nose. Unlike colds, allergy symptoms may persist longer and sometimes cause sinus or middle ear infections. Over time, symptoms often diminish with age as immune responses weaken. However, untreated allergies can escalate into asthma, making early medical consultation crucial, even for mild symptoms.