Understanding Causes, Signs, and Remedies for Oral Tongue Lesions

The human tongue, the most powerful muscle in the body, plays a vital role in speech, taste, and swallowing. Covered with tiny bumps called papillae that contain taste buds, it can sometimes develop sore spots or enlarged papillae, leading to discomfort known as tongue lesions. These lesions can appear anywhere on the tongue, whether on the sides, back, or underneath, causing sensations ranging from mild irritation to severe pain or itching.

Explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment methods for tongue lesions below.

Common medical reasons for tongue lesions include:

Deficiencies in Vitamin B-12, folic acid, or iron

Extended use of antibiotics

Diseases like strep throat, anemia, or hyperthyroidism

Oral fungal infections such as candidiasis

Hormonal fluctuations in women

Seizures causing involuntary tongue biting in epilepsy

Lifestyle habits influencing oral health:

Consuming spicy or acidic foods can irritate tongue papillae.

Smoking may cause white patches or other changes on the tongue.

Poor oral hygiene can contribute to tongue lesions.

Use of strong ingredients in mouthwash and toothpaste may also lead to sores.

What is a strawberry tongue?

A strawberry tongue appears as a bright red, swollen tongue with enlarged taste buds, often linked to nutrient deficiencies like Vitamin B-12 and folic acid.

It is commonly associated with scarlet fever, especially in children, presenting with a red rash and distinctive tongue. Immediate medical consultation is advised if scarlet fever is suspected.

Recognizing symptoms of tongue lesions:

Visible bumps, inflammation, or sores on various parts of the tongue

Lesions accompanied by swelling or burning sensations

White or red patches on the tongue

Altered or lost taste

Inflammation possibly resulting in fever

Dehydration symptoms

When to see a healthcare professional:

Persistent or growing sores and new lesions

Swelling and pain with high fever

Difficulty swallowing or severe discomfort

Recurrent tongue pain not relieved by medications

Lesions lasting over two weeks

Diagnosis and treatment:

Physical inspection of the tongue to identify swellings, spots, or ulcers

Possible swab tests to detect infections

Discussion of symptom duration and related issues like taste loss

Tongue lesions often resolve naturally, but treatments like anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids may be prescribed. Swapping to a soft-bristled toothbrush, avoiding spicy or citrus foods, and rinsing with warm saltwater can aid healing.