Triggers and Indicators of Migraines Explained

Approximately 30 million Americans suffer from migraines, with women being more affected than men. These headaches typically cause pounding pain on one side of the head, often worsened by physical exertion and stress. The pain can be severe and disabling. Many individuals begin experiencing migraines in childhood, with some cases starting in early adulthood. Genetics play a role, as migraines often run in families. Symptoms and causes vary among individuals, making each migraine episode unique.

Here are key factors contributing to migraines and their telltale signs.

Common migraine triggers include:

Diet: Foods processed with high salt and additives like aspartame and MSG can provoke migraines. Aged cheeses, caffeinated drinks, and alcohol are also common culprits.

Hormonal shifts: This is particularly prevalent in women. Fluctuations in estrogen levels can trigger episodes, especially around menstruation, menopause, or pregnancy. Hormonal therapies and contraceptives may also contribute.

Sleep disturbances: Irregular sleep patterns, excessive sleep, or jet lag can initiate migraines.

Sensory overload: Bright lights, loud noises, strong smells, flickering screens, and temperature fluctuations can act as triggers in sensitive individuals.

Symptoms often appear before or during a migraine attack, sometimes lingering afterward. While experiences vary, common signs include:

Throbbing pain on one side of the head, ranging from mild to severe, often hindering daily activities.

Nausea and heightened sensitivity to light, sound, and strong smells.

Visual disturbances such as blurred vision, blind spots, or flashes of light occurring prior to pain onset.