Understanding Hypertension: Symptoms and Ways to Control It

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, affects approximately 85 million individuals nationwide. It is more prevalent among older adults. Blood pressure measures the force exerted by blood against artery walls. It consists of two figures: systolic (pressure during heartbeats) and diastolic (pressure when the heart relaxes). Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, while higher levels indicate elevated risk. Persistently high blood pressure can damage arteries and increase cardiovascular risk. Recognizing symptoms like headaches, fatigue, and vision changes is vital since hypertension often shows no early signs, earning it the nickname "silent killer."

Blood pressure categories are as follows:

Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg

Elevated: Systolic 120-129 mmHg with diastolic below 80 mmHg

Stage 1 Hypertension: Systolic 130-139 mmHg or diastolic 80-89 mmHg

Stage 2 Hypertension: 140 mmHg or higher systolic or 90 mmHg or higher diastolic

High blood pressure strains the heart and vessels, causing tissue damage over time. Factors contributing to elevated blood pressure include medication use, obesity, kidney issues, sleep apnea, thyroid or adrenal disorders, smoking, high salt intake, alcohol, stress, age, and genetics.

Recognizing hypertension symptoms is crucial for early intervention, even though many people experience no initial signs. Severe cases may involve symptoms like irregular heartbeat, nosebleeds, fatigue, blurred vision, chest pain, or neurological issues. Without prompt management, hypertension can lead to life-threatening events like strokes or heart attacks.

To control high blood pressure, lifestyle modifications are essential:

Adopt a low-salt diet by avoiding processed foods high in sodium.

Increase intake of potassium-rich foods such as bananas, apricots, leafy greens, and mushrooms to balance electrolytes.

Engage in regular physical activity—aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise five days a week, including walking, cycling, or swimming.

Practice deep breathing exercises daily to calm the nervous system and reduce blood pressure.

Manage stress through relaxation techniques and maintaining a positive outlook.

Quit smoking, as nicotine raises blood pressure and damages arteries.