Understanding Different Types of Multiple Myeloma and Their Treatment Options
This article explores the different types of multiple myeloma, including smoldering and active forms, along with current treatment options. Emphasizing early diagnosis and tailored therapies, it highlights advancements in managing this complex blood cancer for better patient outcomes.
Multiple myeloma is a cancer affecting plasma cells, where abnormal cells multiply excessively, impairing healthy tissues. This condition weakens organs and hampers immunity, increasing vulnerability to infections. Recent advances in research have significantly improved treatment approaches.
Types of multiple myeloma
Smoldering myeloma: Patients exhibit plasma cells accounting for at least 10% of bone marrow cells or have blood M-protein levels exceeding 30 g/l.
Active myeloma: Affected individuals show over 10% plasma cells in bone marrow or detectable M-protein, with possible complications like anemia, kidney issues, or bone lesions.
Treatment strategies differ based on the myeloma type. These therapies often involve complex procedures and close monitoring. Doctors typically prescribe various medications, with effectiveness depending on individual cases.
Common treatment options include:
Chemotherapy: Using drugs to target cancerous cells.
Bisphosphonates: Medications that help maintain bone strength.
Radiation therapy: Using electromagnetic energy to destroy abnormal cells.
Surgery: Reserved for severe complications.
Stem cell transplant: Replacing damaged cells with healthy ones.
Plasmapheresis: Removing harmful plasma cells through blood filtration.
While treatments can be costly, their goal is to eliminate abnormal cells and restore health. Early intervention offers the best chance to control or reverse the disease progression.
