Understanding Eczema: Types and Causes
This article explores the various types of eczema, including atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. It explains their causes, genetic factors, and environmental influences. With insights into symptoms and triggers, readers gain a comprehensive understanding of this common skin condition. The piece emphasizes that eczema is non-contagious and highlights recent scientific discoveries related to its genetic basis and environmental impacts. Perfect for those seeking clarity on eczema's origins, symptoms, and prevention strategies.
Eczema encompasses a range of skin disorders characterized by inflammation, dryness, and irritation. Also called dermatitis, it manifests as itchy, tender skin that can crack, become red, or form crusts. Severe cases may involve blistering or infections. Approximately 31 million Americans experience eczema symptoms, with 17.8 million suffering from atopic dermatitis. Usually affecting elbows, wrists, knees, or legs, eczema can appear anywhere on the body.
Flare-ups tend to recur frequently. Rest assured, eczema is non-contagious! There are up to eight types, but the most common include:
Atopic Dermatitis: A chronic, inherited inflammatory condition linked to genetics, specifically the FLG gene, which influences skin hydration and barrier strength. A compromised skin barrier allows allergens and microbes to penetrate more easily, often leading to allergic reactions. Individuals with atopic dermatitis frequently have weaker immune defenses and reduced antimicrobial compounds.
The discovery of the FLG gene was a significant breakthrough, highlighting the genetic basis of the condition. Environmental factors, like overly sterile settings and excessive hygiene practices—known as the hygiene hypothesis—may also contribute to the rise in eczema cases, as reduced exposure to bacteria hampers immune development. Typically beginning in infancy and improving with age, atopic dermatitis can persist into adulthood, especially if environmental irritants are present.
Contact Dermatitis: Unlike atopic eczema, this form is not inherited. It is caused by direct contact with irritants such as pollen, chemicals in cleaning products, cosmetics, or environmental toxins. This inflammatory response can be acute or chronic, depending on exposure. Persistent contact can cause scratching, leading to bacterial infections and further complications.
