Comprehensive Guide to Urinary Catheters: What You Need to Know

Essential Information About Urinary Catheters

A urinary catheter is a flexible, hollow tube designed to drain urine from the bladder into an attached collection bag. Available in various sizes and designs, they are essential for patients unable to urinate naturally. When the bladder isn't emptied properly, urine can back up into the kidneys, risking damage. Most users only require temporary use until they regain normal bladder function. However, seniors or those with chronic injuries might need long-term or permanent catheterization.

Urinary issues can stem from surgeries, obstructions, nerve injuries, or certain health conditions. These include prostate surgery, genital procedures, stone formation, nerve damage, or neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. Some medications also influence bladder control. Doctors typically prescribe catheters for incontinence, retention, childbirth (with epidurals), or bladder cancer treatments involving direct medication delivery.

There are three main types of urinary catheters: external, indwelling, and intermittent. External catheters, often called condom catheters, are worn outside the penis and are suitable for users with mental or mobility impairments. Indwelling catheters are inserted into the bladder via the urethra or through a small abdominal incision (suprapubic). These are used for extended durations but require careful hygiene to prevent infections. Intermittent catheters are used temporarily, especially after surgeries, and are removed post-empting the bladder.

Manufacturers use various materials, including PVC, silicone, and rubber, to make these devices. Leading brands include Bard, Covidien, Coloplast, Hollister, Medline, MTG, LoFric, Cure Medical, and Urocare. Costs vary from about $4 to $500, depending on type, size, material, and brand.