Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Allergic Reactions

Understanding Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Complete overview of allergies
Allergies are immune system responses to certain substances known as allergens, which can include foods, pollen, dust, and pet dander. These reactions often manifest as sneezing, nasal congestion, watery eyes, and fatigue. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, approximately 8% of adults experience some form of allergy. This article explores common concerns about allergies such as hay fever, pollen sensitivities, and asthma management.

Signs of allergic rhinitis

Also known as hay fever, allergic rhinitis is an immune response triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, and animal saliva.

Symptoms often occur during seasonal changes and include a congested or runny nose, itchy eyes and nose, sore throat, headaches, hives, and fatigue. Persistent coughs lasting over a month are also common.

Some individuals may develop eczema-like symptoms, such as itchy, blistered skin.

Those with weaker immune systems might experience symptoms year-round due to constant allergen exposure.

Diagnosing allergic rhinitis

Mild cases can often be diagnosed with a simple physical exam.

A skin prick test is frequently used, where allergens are applied to the skin to observe reactions like small red bumps.

Blood tests, such as RAST, measure immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to identify allergen sensitivities.

Types of pollen allergies

Pollen allergies are seasonal reactions caused by airborne pollen from trees and plants. Common symptoms include coughing, itchy throat, and nasal congestion. Notable types include:

Oak pollen allergy – Mild compared to other tree pollens, causing watery eyes and nasal symptoms.

Ragweed pollen allergy – Most active from late summer to early fall, capable of spreading pollen through wind even during winter.

Birch pollen allergy – Known for producing extensive pollen, capable of traveling up to 100 yards, often causing cough and other respiratory issues.

Managing allergy-related asthma

Effective treatment options include:

Short-acting bronchodilators – Fast-acting rescue inhalers providing relief by opening airways for 4-6 hours.

Inhaled corticosteroids – For frequent use, these medications reduce airway inflammation, especially if rescue inhalers are needed often.

Antibody therapies – Administered via injection for severe asthma cases, these treatments decrease immune cell activity, reducing allergic responses.

Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential before starting any treatment for allergy or asthma symptoms.