Comprehensive Guide to Influenza Vaccination
This article provides a detailed overview of the influenza vaccine, including its composition, mechanism, administration schedule, precautions, potential side effects, and importance of vaccination in preventing flu-related complications. It emphasizes the significance of annual immunization, especially during flu season, to protect vulnerable populations from severe illness or death.
All You Need to Know About the Flu Vaccine
Overview
Influenza, caused by a virus, differs from bacterial illnesses as antibiotics are ineffective against it. The primary approach to managing the flu is symptomatic relief, such as fever reducers and pain medications. Antiviral drugs can shorten illness duration if administered within 48 hours of exposure. Rest and hydration are essential. Without proper care, especially in vulnerable individuals, the flu can lead to severe complications like pneumonia, which can be deadly. Vaccination remains the most effective prevention method.
Vaccine Name and Composition
The approved vaccine is called Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (split virion). The brand typically used is Fluarix Tetra.
This vaccine contains antigens targeting four virus strains:
A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like strain
A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like strain
B/Brisbane/60/2008-like strain
B/Phuket/3073/2013-like strain
Each 0.5 ml dose includes 15 micrograms of hemagglutinin from each strain, offering protection against these viruses.
The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against these influenza virus types, neutralizing their effects. It’s recommended for annual administration, especially during the flu season starting in October. The vaccine is suitable for those aged 3 and above. For children aged 3 to 9 with no prior vaccination, a second dose should be given after four weeks.
Precautions include reviewing the patient’s vaccination history, avoiding vaccination during severe acute febrile illness, and using caution in individuals with bleeding disorders or pregnancy when the benefits outweigh risks. Common side effects encompass soreness, fatigue, headaches, and mild fever; rare reactions include rash or dizziness. The vaccination is given via intramuscular injection into the shoulder or thigh, and not administered intravenously to prevent allergic reactions.
