Understanding Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST): Key Facts and Treatments
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are rare growths in the digestive system that can become cancerous. Early detection and treatment like surgery or targeted therapies such as TKIs are crucial. Symptoms are subtle initially, making diagnosis challenging. Effective management depends on tumor size and spread, with innovative drug treatments improving outcomes. Understanding GIST’s causes, signs, and treatment options helps patients seek timely medical help and improve prognosis.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) develop when abnormal cell growth occurs in the digestive tract's lining. These cells can turn cancerous if not detected early. GISTs are most often found in the stomach and small intestine but can occur anywhere along the GI tract. The abnormal proliferation mainly involves interstitial cells of Cajal, which regulate gut movements. Mutations in the DNA affecting enzymes like tyrosine kinase (KIT) are common causes. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, feeling full quickly, nausea, and bowel issues, often remaining unnoticed for years. Treatment options include surgery, targeted drug therapy with TKIs like imatinib, and combined approaches for advanced cases.
