Comprehensive Guide to Managing Eczema Symptoms and Prevention

Understanding Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Eczema is a skin condition caused by an overactive immune response, not by infections or other underlying diseases. Preventive measures can help control and alleviate its symptoms.

Recognizing Eczema Symptoms
The primary symptom is intense itching, often accompanied by rashes on the face, behind the knees, hands, wrists, or feet. Affected areas may appear dry, flaky, or thickened, beginning as reddish patches that darken or lighten over time. In infants, rashes might appear on the face or scalp, and patches can appear anywhere on the body. Crusting or oozing may also occur.

While the exact cause remains unknown, eczema develops when the immune system reacts strongly to certain triggers. A family history of allergies or asthma increases risk. Disruptions in the skin barrier allow germs and moisture loss, causing flare-ups. Common triggers include contact with coarse fabrics, extreme temperatures, harsh soaps, animal dander, respiratory infections, and stress. Although eczema has no cure, it can be managed with medication and avoidance of irritants. It is not contagious.

Diagnosis involves skin examination and allergy testing for some cases, especially in children, but no definitive tests exist. Treatments aim to reduce itching, prevent infections, and maintain skin hydration. Topical creams, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and phototherapy are common options. Preventative measures include moisturizing regularly, avoiding temperature shifts, managing stress, wearing soft fabrics, using gentle soaps, and monitoring food allergies. Proper skin care and trigger avoidance help manage eczema effectively.