Understanding How Allergies Impact Your Health
This article explores how allergies affect the body, highlighting common symptoms, types, causes, and diagnosis methods. Understanding these responses can help manage allergies effectively and prevent severe health reactions.
Our immune system's primary function is to defend against bacteria and harmful germs. However, in some individuals, the immune response overreacts to harmless substances, leading to allergies. People with a genetic predisposition are known as allergic or atopic. When exposed to allergens such as pollen, dust, pet dander, certain foods, or molds, their immune system reacts abnormally, often releasing antibodies like Immunoglobulin E. This heightened response can trigger a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe health issues.
The body's immune response to allergens involves the release of histamine, which causes symptoms such as sneezing, skin rashes, nasal congestion, nausea, or even life-threatening reactions like anaphylaxis. Common allergy types include:
Dust allergy: Exposure to airborne pollutants and dust particles can trigger reactions.
Pet allergy: Dander, saliva, and fur from cats and dogs may cause allergic responses.
Food allergy: Items like eggs, milk, nuts, shellfish, and soy can provoke allergic symptoms.
Other allergy types encompass eye allergies such as conjunctivitis, skin conditions like eczema, hay fever (allergic rhinitis), latex allergies, medication sensitivities, and mold allergies. Diagnosis typically involves skin tests like prick or intradermal tests to identify specific allergens. Treatment may include antihistamines, avoidance of triggers, or allergy immunotherapy, depending on the severity.
