Understanding Kawasaki Disease: Causes and Key Symptoms
Kawasaki disease is a rare inflammatory condition mainly affecting children under five. Its causes include potential bacterial or viral triggers, genetic factors, and immune responses. Recognizing symptoms like high fever, skin rashes, and swollen lymph nodes across different stages helps ensure prompt treatment and reduces complications.
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Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, was first identified in Japanese children during the 1960s. It is an uncommon illness primarily affecting kids under five, with an incidence of 9-20 cases per 100,000 children. Recognizing its causes and symptoms is vital for early diagnosis and treatment.
Causes of Kawasaki Disease
While the exact cause remains unknown, it is believed to result from bacterial or viral infections. A weakened immune system may also increase susceptibility.
Since Kawasaki disease is infectious, it can spread between individuals. Some experts suggest bacterial toxins called superantigens, produced by bacteria like streptococci and staphylococci, might trigger an immune response leading to blood vessel inflammation. Genetics may also play a role, as the disease can be inherited.
Signs and Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease
In children, symptoms appear in phases:
Phase 1 - Lasting up to two weeks, this acute stage features high or fluctuating fever often unresponsive to typical treatments. Skin rashes, redness, swelling, and hardness in fingers and toes are common. Lips, mouth, and tongue may also be inflamed. Swollen lymph nodes and conjunctivitis could occur.
Phase 2 - A milder, sub-acute stage lasting around two weeks, children may experience abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary pus, skin peeling, and swollen joints.
Phase 3 - During recovery, most symptoms improve, but some children may still feel tired and sore for weeks, even with treatment.
