Heel Spur Management: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Strategies

A heel spur is a bony growth that forms on the underside of the heel bone due to calcium buildup. Common among athletes and individuals engaged in high-impact activities, heel spurs result from repeated stress and stretching of the plantar fascia. When this tissue is injured, the body deposits calcium to repair it, leading to spur formation over time. Factors like excessive weight, abnormal gait, and poorly fitted shoes increase the risk of developing heel spurs.

Understanding the causes of heel spurs—

Calcium deposits gradually accumulate under the heel over months or years, leading to spurs. Common causes include repeated strain on foot ligaments and muscles, injuries causing tissue tears, and overstretching of the plantar fascia. Additional risk factors encompass being overweight, gait abnormalities, and wearing ill-fitting shoes lacking adequate support.

Symptoms associated with heel spurs—

Often asymptomatic, heel spurs may cause sharp or stabbing pain during walking or running. Morning pain when rising is typical, easing with movement but recurring after prolonged activity or rest. Soft tissue injury accompanying the spur is usually responsible for discomfort.

Types of heel spurs—

The primary types include posterior inferior spurs, located beneath the heel, and posterior superior spurs near the back of the heel, close to the Achilles tendon connection.

Available heel spur treatments—

Conservative Management
Mild to moderate cases can often be treated with non-surgical methods. Techniques involve physical therapy, stretching routines, custom orthotics, and heel straps to reduce stress. Wearing supportive orthopedic footwear and using over-the-counter NSAIDs like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can mitigate pain. Corticosteroid injections may help if inflammation is significant. Most patients find relief through these measures.

Surgical Intervention
When symptoms persist beyond 10-12 months despite conservative therapy, surgery may be necessary. Procedures involve removing the spur and sometimes releasing the plantar fascia. Post-operative care may include crutches, splints, or special footwear. Surgery carries risks such as nerve damage, infection, scarring, or recurrent pain, and should be considered after medical consultation.

Preventing heel spurs—

Choosing proper footwear is essential. Shoes with shock-absorbing soles, heel supports, and rigid shanks help prevent spur formation. Runners should opt for cushioning shoes, while walkers need supportive options. Warming up and stretching before physical activity reduces strain on heel muscles. Maintaining a healthy weight further lowers risk. Avoid worn-out shoes, and incorporate regular foot care to prevent heel issues.

Diet and lifestyle tips—

A balanced diet rich in elements like silicon, magnesium, and zinc supports healthy tendons and muscles. Consuming bromelain-rich foods such as pineapple and papaya can reduce inflammation. Implementing healthy habits, wearing proper footwear, and maintaining an active gait are simple yet effective steps to avoid heel spurs and ease symptoms if present.