Understanding Psoriatic Arthritis: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Psoriatic arthritis is a condition that impacts the skin and joints, resulting in inflammation in both areas. It primarily affects individuals with psoriasis, a skin disorder marked by red, scaly, inflamed patches. Approximately 20% of psoriasis sufferers develop joint inflammation, which can appear after the age of 40 and affects men and women equally. In most cases, skin symptoms appear before joint issues in around 80% of patients. The exact cause remains unknown but is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors.

Family history plays a significant role, with higher risk if relatives have psoriasis. Common symptoms include joint swelling and stiffness in ankles, knees, and feet, leading to pain and limited movement. Other signs involve inflammation of the spine, fingers, toes, tendons, and cartilage. Extra symptoms may include inflammation of the aorta, lungs, and eyes, along with fatigue. Additionally, many individuals develop allergies to foods, medications, or insect bites. While no cure exists yet, various treatments help manage symptoms effectively.

The goal of treatment is to alleviate discomfort and enable patients to lead normal lives. Common medications include:

NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter options like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) and naproxen (Aleve) are available, with stronger variants requiring prescriptions. Side effects can include heart issues, kidney and liver damage, and stomach problems.

DMARDs: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs slow disease progression, protecting joints and tissues from permanent damage. Examples include Trexall, Arava, and Azulfidine. Potential side effects involve lung infections, liver damage, and bone marrow suppression.