Ancient Aztec Mathematical Notations and Measurement Methods
This article explores how the Aztecs used symbolic notation and measurement techniques for land and tribute calculations. Their innovative system involved specific symbols for fractions and large numbers, enabling effective land survey and tribute accounting. The Aztec approach reflects their advanced understanding of measurement, combining formulas and symbols like arrows, feathers, and bags to represent quantities. Their counting method prioritized volume and items over weight, illustrating a unique and efficient ancient system for managing land and resources.
The Aztecs utilized an extensive system of symbols to represent numbers and measurements. For land surveys, especially when calculating property taxes or tributes, they employed symbols like arrows, hearts, and hands to denote fractions and units. Specifically, an arrow symbol, called a tlalquahuitl, measured land length, with a single arrow representing half of a basic unit.
To determine areas, Aztec surveyors combined these symbols through a set of formulas, including averaging and dividing fields into triangles. More complex quantities involved symbols such as feathers, banners, and dots, representing larger values like 400 or 8,000, enabling them to count tribute items like cacao sacks accurately.
The Aztecs' numerical system comprised simple signs for numbers, with dots, bars, and specific symbols standing for various values. For example, a feather indicated 400, and a tied incense bag symbolized 8,000. Their counting was based on volume and quantity rather than weight, reflecting their unique approach to measurement and accounting.
