Understanding Scoliosis: Symptoms and Treatment Approaches

Scoliosis refers to an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. Normally, the spine has gentle curves at the neck and lower back, but in scoliosis, the spine curves in an S or C shape. Causes include genetic factors, congenital defects, and neurological issues, often developing during growth phases like puberty.

Signs of Scoliosis

Symptoms vary based on severity. Common indicators include uneven shoulders, one shoulder blade protruding more than the other, spinal rotation, back discomfort, breathing difficulty due to reduced chest space, and uneven hips. Early detection is vital, so consult a healthcare professional if these signs appear.

Managing Scoliosis

In children with mild curves, regular monitoring every 3 to 6 months often suffices. More serious cases may require interventions like braces or surgery.

Brace Treatment

For moderate scoliosis, especially in children still growing, braces are frequently used. While they don't correct existing curves, they prevent further progression. Made from plastic, these braces are worn during daily activities and are most effective when worn consistently throughout growth. They are typically discontinued once bone growth ceases.

Surgical Options

Severe scoliosis cases may necessitate surgery to halt progression. Spinal fusion is the most common procedure, where affected vertebrae are fused with bone-like material and stabilized using screws and rods. Though generally safe, surgeries carry risks such as infection, bleeding, pain, and nerve damage. Sometimes, further procedures are needed if fusion doesn't succeed.

Factors Influencing Treatment Choices

Several factors influence treatment strategies, including gender (girls are more prone), severity of the curve, patient age and bone maturity, and the specific pattern and location of the curvature. Consulting a specialist is crucial to determine the most appropriate approach.