Guide to Social Security Disability Benefits and Qualifications
This comprehensive guide explains the eligibility criteria for Social Security Disability Insurance, including work credits, medical requirements, and the application process. It covers what to do if benefits are approved or denied, providing essential information for those unable to work due to long-term disabilities.
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When health issues prevent someone from working, especially before reaching retirement age, it impacts their physical, emotional, and financial well-being. The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program offers crucial support in such situations. Qualification requires meeting specific requirements, including work history and medical condition criteria.
How many work credits are needed for SSDI eligibility?
The required credits depend on the age at which the disability occurs. For instance, at age 50, an individual must have accumulated at least 28 work credits or have worked for at least seven years, with five of those within the last decade, to qualify.
What are the medical requirements?
The individual’s medical condition must meet the SSA’s definition of disability, characterized by long-term, severe impairment. Benefits are available only if the disability is:
Long-term: Lasts or is expected to last at least one year.
Severe: Significantly interferes with basic work activities.
Total: Prevents performing substantial gainful activity for at least a year.
Note that if the person is working and earning above SSA thresholds, they may not qualify, as they can perform SGA (substantial gainful activity).
What happens after benefits are approved?
Once approved, benefits begin after a five-month waiting period, with the individual receiving back pay for this period. Following that, monthly disability payments are issued. If household income exceeds certain limits, taxes on benefits may apply. Family members might also be eligible for partial benefits. Benefits continue while the medical condition prevents work. The SSA conducts periodic reviews (every 1-3 years) to verify if the disability persists.
What if application is denied?
If denied, applicants can appeal within 60 days. The appeal process varies depending on whether the denial was due to medical or non-medical reasons.
Reconsideration: A different examiner reviews the case.
Hearing: If denied again, a hearing before an SSA-appointed administrative law judge can be requested.
