Understanding the Causes of Hemorrhoids and How to Prevent Them

Hemorrhoids, also called piles, involve swollen veins in the lower rectal and anal region. Affecting roughly 20% of adults at some point, they can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. Increased pressure on these veins—due to factors like age, pregnancy, or lifestyle—can lead to their formation.

Internal hemorrhoids develop inside the rectum, while external ones form under the skin around the anus. Several factors contribute to their development, including aging, pregnancy, constipation, prolonged sitting, obesity, and a low-fiber diet.

Aging Impact
Older adults, especially between 45 and 65, are more prone to hemorrhoids as tissues weaken over time. Nonetheless, young people and children can also develop them.

Pregnancy Effects
During pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, increased uterine size raises pressure on rectal veins, leading to hemorrhoids. Standing for long periods during pregnancy also plays a role.

Constipation and Straining
Chronic constipation or diarrhea forces unnecessary straining during bowel movements, stretching veins and causing swelling.

Extended Sitting
Sitting excessively, particularly on the toilet, puts extra pressure on blood vessels, increasing hemorrhoid risk.

Overweight and Obesity
Excess body weight presses on anal and rectal veins, raising the likelihood of hemorrhoids. Maintaining a high-fiber diet, staying active, and drinking water can help prevent them.

Dietary Habits
A diet low in fiber weakens stool structure, making bowel movements difficult and increasing pressure on veins. Incorporating fiber-rich cereals, fruits, and vegetables improves digestion and reduces constipation.

Other Contributing Factors
Repeatedly lifting heavy objects and genetic factors like weak vein walls or family history also contribute to hemorrhoid development.

Adopting healthy lifestyle changes, such as a fiber-rich diet, regular exercise, and proper hydration, can significantly reduce the risk of hemorrhoids. Many treatments are available to ease symptoms, and prevention is key.