Understanding Peptic Ulcers: Types, Symptoms, and Prevention Strategies

Peptic ulcers are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. They are common health issues that can significantly impact daily life if not diagnosed and managed early. These sores, often called stomach or duodenal ulcers, require prompt treatment to prevent complications. Proper recognition of symptoms and lifestyle adjustments are key to effective management.

Types of ulcers

Gastric ulcer
Forming in the stomach lining, gastric ulcers are primarily caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria or prolonged use of anti-inflammatory medications.

Duodenal ulcer
This type occurs in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. It often results from H. pylori infection or frequent NSAID use.

Stress ulcer
Developing during critical illness or after traumatic events, stress ulcers are linked to decreased blood flow and irritation from medication, affecting stomach lining integrity.

Oral ulcer
Small, painful sores inside the mouth, which can result from minor injuries or underlying health conditions like Crohn’s disease or celiac disease.

Venous ulcer
Typically found on the legs or ankles, these ulcers are caused by poor blood circulation, often due to damaged vein valves in chronic venous insufficiency.

The most effective way to treat ulcers is to address symptoms early, preventing damage to the digestive tract lining. Combining medical treatment with lifestyle changes greatly improves healing prospects.

Common symptoms of ulcers

Symptoms can vary based on ulcer type and location. Some individuals experience no symptoms, while others may have severe signs like bleeding. Recognizing key signs is vital for timely intervention.

Abdominal pain
Persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, often worsened at night or on an empty stomach, is a typical symptom. Relief may be temporary with antacids or milk.

Nausea and vomiting
Nausea, with or without vomiting, is common. Vomiting can indicate severity, especially if it includes blood, suggesting bleeding.

Bloating and burping
Excess gas and bloating, often linked to bacterial infections like H. pylori, may accompany ulcer symptoms. Medical treatment can help reduce these effects.

Changes in stool color
Dark or bloody stools are signs of internal bleeding, indicating ulcer progression. This requires immediate medical attention.

Heartburn
Burning sensation or indigestion caused by stomach acid reflux into the esophagus, common in peptic ulcers.

Fatigue and breathlessness
Unnoticed bleeding can cause anemia, leading to weakness and shortness of breath during exertion.

Confirming an ulcer diagnosis

Medical evaluation including blood tests, breath analysis, and stool examinations help confirm ulcers and identify underlying infections like H. pylori.

Prevention tips

Avoid spicy, greasy, and citrus foods that can irritate your stomach.

Engage in regular exercise and practice stress-relieving activities such as yoga.

Maintain good hygiene by washing hands frequently and cooking food thoroughly to prevent infections.

Conclusion