Comprehensive Guide to Atrial Fibrillation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Understanding Atrial Fibrillation: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Everything You Should Know About Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a condition where the heart experiences irregular and rapid beats, disrupting normal rhythm. Typically, the upper and lower chambers of the heart beat in harmony, but in AFib, this coordination is lost. Treatment aims to restore normal heart rate through medications, surgical procedures, or minimally invasive techniques.

Common Causes of AFib

Genetic predisposition is a significant factor, often inherited within families.

Excessive alcohol intake can trigger AFib episodes.

Heart valve disorders are linked to AFib development.

High blood pressure is another contributing factor.

Viral infections, hyperthyroidism, and metabolic conditions may also cause AFib.

Risk Factors for Developing AFib

Respiratory issues like COPD and sleep apnea increase risk.

Diabetes and obesity are associated with higher AFib chances.

Underlying heart diseases including heart failure, congenital issues, and coronary artery disease elevate risk.

Older adults over 60 are more susceptible to AFib.

Recognizable Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation

Irregular, often rapid heartbeats accompanied by discomfort.

Persistent fatigue and weakness.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, and occasional confusion.

Shortness of breath and chest pain.

Profuse sweating is common during episodes.

Diagnosing Atrial Fibrillation

Diagnosis begins with a physical exam and review of medical history.

Monitoring symptoms helps confirm AFib.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the primary diagnostic test.

Further testing includes echocardiograms, chest X-rays, and stress tests.

Blood tests assess thyroid function and other contributing factors.

Standard Treatments for AFib

Many treatments focus on restoring normal heart rhythm.

Electrical cardioversion uses shocks to reset rhythm.

Catheter ablation targets and destroys abnormal cells causing irregular beats.

Surgical maze procedures create scar tissue to interrupt abnormal pathways.

Atrioventricular (AV) node ablation with pacemaker placement is another option.

Medications Commonly Prescribed for AFib

Blood thinners (anticoagulants) are used to prevent strokes caused by clots.

Antiarrhythmic drugs help normalize heart rhythm.

Medications also assist in controlling heart rate during episodes.

Preventive Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation

Engage in regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight.

Follow a diet low in fats, salt, and cholesterol.

Avoid smoking, excessive alcohol, and high caffeine intake.

Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels effectively.