Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Learn everything about squamous cell carcinoma, from risk factors and symptoms to diagnosis and treatment options. Early detection is crucial for successful management of this common skin cancer, which often appears on sun-exposed areas. Understanding SCC helps in prompt treatment and better prognosis.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer, frequently developing in areas exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sun exposure or tanning beds. Common sites include the face, neck, hands, legs, and back. Unlike more aggressive skin cancers, SCC usually progresses slowly but can spread to nearby tissues, bones, and lymph nodes, complicating treatment. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Recognizing risk factors and symptoms is essential for timely diagnosis and management.
Key risk factors for SCC include advancing age, fair skin, blonde or red hair, and prolonged sun exposure. Men and individuals with blue, green, or gray eyes are at higher risk. Additional risks encompass tanning bed use, Bowen’s disease, radiation exposure, genetic predispositions, and long-term contact with carcinogenic chemicals like arsenic.
Symptoms of SCC often include a firm, dome-shaped bump, red patches, or rough, crusty skin that may bleed easily. The affected area can become itchy or painful. Over time, persistent sores or scars may develop, indicating possible cancerous growth.
Diagnosis process involves consultation with a dermatologist who assesses medical history, sun exposure, tanning habits, and the appearance of skin changes. A physical exam evaluates the size, shape, and texture of suspicious spots, along with lymph node checks. If necessary, a skin biopsy is performed for lab analysis to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options include minor surgical procedures carried out in clinics or hospitals depending on the tumor's size and location. Methods such as excision, Mohs surgery, lymph node removal, cryosurgery, dermabrasion, topical chemotherapy, and targeted therapies are common options used to eliminate SCC effectively.
