Understanding Hemorrhoids: Causes and Effective Treatment Methods
Hemorrhoids, or piles, involve swollen rectal veins caused by factors like age, constipation, and pregnancy. Effective treatments include topical ointments, warm baths, lifestyle changes, and minimally invasive procedures like banding and sclerotherapy. Severe cases may require surgical removal. Preventive measures involve avoiding strain, maintaining hygiene, and managing weight. Early diagnosis and consultation with a healthcare professional are crucial to prevent complications, including bleeding and infections. Understanding causes and treatments helps in effective management of this common condition.
Hemorrhoids, also called piles, involve swelling or enlargement of veins in the lower rectal area. These blood vessels can stretch due to various factors, causing discomfort and pain. Fortunately, early treatment with ointments, suppositories, or non-invasive procedures can provide relief.
What leads to hemorrhoids?
The main factors include:
Age: Commonly affects adults aged 40-65, but can occur at younger ages.
Constipation: Chronic constipation increases pressure on veins, promoting hemorrhoid formation.
Pregnancy: Growing uterus exerts pressure on rectal veins, causing swelling. Eating high-fiber foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables can alleviate symptoms.
Heavy lifting: Improper lifting without support can stress rectal veins.
Obesity: Excess weight related to diet can contribute.
Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet, may trigger hemorrhoids.
Types of hemorrhoids:
Internal: Located inside the rectum, often painless, but can prolapse and cause pain, especially during strain.
External: Seen outside the anal opening, more painful due to sensitive nerves, and may bleed during strain or pregnancy.
Relief strategies for hemorrhoids
Applying hydrocortisone ointments can reduce inflammation.
Using cold packs or ice to decrease swelling; warm sitz baths (soaking in warm water for 10-20 minutes) twice daily provides soothing relief.
Over-the-counter pain relievers can ease discomfort.
Adopting a high-fiber diet softens stool and reduces strain.
Maintaining proper hygiene, avoiding alcohol-based wipes, and using moist toilet paper.
Topical gels and pads can provide additional comfort, ensuring proper lubrication during application.
Non-surgical options:
Elastic band ligation tightly around the hemorrhoid's base cuts off blood supply, leading it to shrink or fall off.
Sclerotherapy involves injecting a solution to reduce blood flow, shrinking the hemorrhoid.
Additional methods include infrared and laser treatments for quick relief.
Surgical interventions:
Hemorrhoidectomy permanently removes hemorrhoids and is typically performed under general anesthesia. Stapling techniques reposition prolapsed hemorrhoids efficiently.
To prevent hemorrhoids and manage symptoms:
Avoid excessive straining during bowel movements.
Limit prolonged standing or sitting, and maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise.
Get regular medical checkups, especially if experiencing internal symptoms.
Hemorrhoids are common, affecting about 75% of people at some point. Recognizing symptoms early and consulting a healthcare provider can prevent complications like bleeding or infections. Do not delay seeking medical attention, especially if symptoms worsen or include dizziness or bleeding.
