Understanding Cholesterol: Symptoms, Testing, Management, and Important Insights
Discover essential information about cholesterol, including its functions, risks of high levels, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and strategies for prevention and management. Learn how lifestyle choices impact cholesterol and steps to maintain healthier levels for better heart health.
What is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy substance produced by your liver, essential for nerve health, cell building, and hormone synthesis. While your body naturally makes all the cholesterol it needs, dietary sources like eggs, meats, and dairy also contribute. Excess cholesterol can negatively affect your health, especially if it builds up in your arteries.
Difference Between “Good” and “Bad” Cholesterol
LDL, known as “bad” cholesterol, carries cholesterol to tissues, while HDL, called “good” cholesterol, clears excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Maintaining a healthy balance is vital for cardiovascular health.
High total cholesterol, especially with elevated LDL, increases the risk of heart disease and strokes. Conversely, high HDL is typically protective. Triglycerides, another fat type, increase when calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure. Lifestyle modifications can help improve cholesterol levels, lowering risk.
Target Cholesterol Levels
Your ideal levels depend on your overall risk factors:
Total cholesterol: Under 200 mg/dL
LDL: Less than 130 mg/dL
HDL: 60 mg/dL or higher
Triglycerides: Below 150 mg/dL
Recognizing High Cholesterol Symptoms
Often, high cholesterol presents no obvious symptoms, making routine testing necessary. Excess cholesterol can accumulate in arteries, forming plaque. Over time, plaque buildup narrows arteries and can cause blockages, leading to heart attacks or strokes if they affect vital blood vessels. Many only discover their condition after such events.
Factors Contributing to High Cholesterol
High cholesterol results from a combination of factors, including diet, lifestyle, and genetics. Consuming foods high in saturated fats, such as red meats and full-fat dairy, can raise cholesterol. Being overweight, inactive, and smoking also contribute by lowering HDL and increasing LDL levels. Family history significantly influences risk, with genetics playing a role in cholesterol regulation.
How Is Cholesterol Checked?
A blood test is essential to detect high cholesterol, as symptoms are not apparent. For adults over 20, especially those with risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, or family history, regular cholesterol screenings are recommended. Men aged 35+ and women over 45 should also undergo testing. Your healthcare provider can advise on testing frequency based on your health profile.
Prevention Strategies for High Cholesterol
Preventing high cholesterol involves making healthy lifestyle choices. Eating a balanced diet low in saturated fats, trans fats, and rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, nuts, and seeds) can help. Regular physical activity, such as walking, cycling, or sports, boosts HDL and reduces LDL. Avoid smoking and maintain a healthy weight to keep cholesterol levels in check.
Managing High Cholesterol
If diagnosed, managing cholesterol may involve lifestyle changes and medication. Quitting smoking, engaging in consistent exercise, and losing excess weight can significantly improve levels. Emphasize a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish. For some, medications by your healthcare provider may be necessary to control cholesterol and lower cardiovascular risk.
