Understanding Diverticulitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management Strategies

Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the lower large intestine or colon. Usually harmless, these pouches can become infected, causing issues such as bleeding, bowel blockages, and urinary problems. Gaining knowledge about its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and dietary adjustments is key to effective management.

Causes
Increased pressure on weak spots in the colon causes the formation of diverticula. If these pouches get inflamed or infected, symptoms worsen over time.

Risk factors include aging, sedentary lifestyle, certain medications, and diets high in animal fats.

Signs and Symptoms
Persistent pain in the left lower abdomen is common; some may feel pain on the right side. Other signs include nausea, vomiting, fever, tenderness, constipation, and occasionally diarrhea.

Potential Complications
While often asymptomatic, complications such as abscesses, bowel blockages, fistulas, or rupture leading to peritonitis can occur, requiring urgent medical attention.

Treatment Approaches

Mild cases without complications are typically managed at home with a liquid diet to reduce bowel pressure. More severe or complicated cases may need hospitalization, IV therapy, or drainage of abscesses.

Surgical Solutions

For persistent or serious issues, surgery might be necessary, including removal of damaged intestine sections (bowel resection) or creating an opening (colostomy) to divert waste, which can be reversed later.

Nutritional Guidance

During recovery, avoiding processed meats, sugars, and refined grains is recommended. Instead, opt for clear fluids, low-fiber foods like peeled potatoes and ripe fruits, and dairy products such as yogurt and cheese to support healing and reduce colon stress.

Preventive Measures