Heart ultrasound exam: Overview, Preparation, and Process

A cardiac ultrasound, often called a heart scan, is a non-invasive imaging technique used to assess heart health. It employs sound waves to create detailed images of the heart’s structure and blood flow. This exam provides critical information about heart function and detects conditions like heart disease, evaluates ongoing treatments, and monitors heart performance over time. Being familiar with the procedure and its purpose can help patients feel prepared and less anxious about the test.

What is a heart ultrasound?
A heart ultrasound, or echocardiogram, is a safe, non-invasive test that uses ultrasound technology to visualize the heart in real-time, providing valuable insights into its size, shape, and function.

This diagnostic tool reveals how blood moves through the heart and highlights any structural abnormalities. The procedure typically lasts from 20 minutes up to two hours and is performed by a trained technician called a cardiac sonographer.

Purpose
Healthcare providers often recommend this exam if symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath are present. The test aims to:

Detect heart problems

Monitor existing cardiovascular conditions

Evaluate the effectiveness of treatments

Preparation
Prior to the scan, your medical team will explain the procedure and suggest preparations. Typical steps include:

Fasting for a few hours to ensure clear images

Wearing comfortable, easy-to-remove clothing, possibly a hospital gown

Informing your healthcare provider about any medications or treatments you’re undergoing

Staying relaxed before the exam, as it is painless but may be stressful for some

Procedure
The process generally takes place at a hospital or clinic. Here is what to expect:

Arrive and meet the technician who will guide you through the steps.

Lie on your side on an exam table while a water-based gel is applied to your chest to facilitate sound wave transmission.

The technician moves a transducer over different chest areas to capture images of the heart.

You may be asked to hold your breath or change positions to improve image quality.

After the images are collected, the technician removes the transducer and gel, and you can resume normal activities.

Additional considerations
This procedure is safe for men, women, and seniors, with no radiation involved. It is suitable for pregnant women and individuals with health conditions such as diabetes—they should discuss any medication adjustments with their doctor. For seniors or those with mobility issues, prior consultation is advisable. Women may undergo fetal echocardiography during pregnancy, involving a wand over the belly to check the baby's heart. Feel free to ask your healthcare provider about specific concerns to ensure a smooth experience. This test remains a fundamental method for diagnosing and monitoring heart health efficiently and safely.