Comprehensive Guide to Lung Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Lung cancer originates in the lungs and remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While smoking is the leading risk factor, non-smokers can also develop the disease. The longer and more intensely a person smokes, the higher their risk. Quitting smoking can significantly lower this risk. Overview
Lung cancer develops when abnormal changes in cells cause uncontrolled growth. Normally, cell growth is regulated, but disruptions can lead to tumors, which are either benign or malignant. Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can spread via blood or lymph to other parts, a process called metastasis. The most common metastatic sites include the liver, brain, bones, and adrenal glands. About 95% of lung cancers originate from epithelial cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles, leading to diagnoses as bronchogenic carcinomas. Both men and women are affected, with lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It primarily impacts those over 65, and increased tobacco use has led to a rise in cases, even surpassing breast cancer in some regions. Symptoms vary with disease progression and include persistent cough, breathlessness, wheezing, hoarseness, fatigue, fever, and swelling. As the disease advances, additional symptoms like bone pain, headaches, and neurological issues may occur. Causes include active and passive smoking, asbestos exposure, radon gas, genetic factors, lung diseases, air pollution, and diesel exhaust. Treatment depends on the cancer stage and includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. A multidisciplinary team usually manages treatment, emphasizing personalized plans. Natural remedies like massage, meditation, and yoga may help alleviate symptoms, while a balanced diet ensures vital nutrients are maintained during therapy. Proper medical consultation and supportive care are essential for managing lung cancer effectively.