Understanding Fever: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
This article provides a comprehensive overview of fever, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. It explains how fever functions as a defense mechanism and highlights when to seek medical help. Practical advice on home management using medications and natural methods is also discussed, along with the significance of understanding different fever patterns for proper diagnosis.
Fever, also called pyrexia, refers to an elevated body temperature beyond the normal range. Generally, a temperature of 100°F or higher indicates a fever. While not an illness on its own, fever often signals an underlying condition or infection and can often be managed at home with over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol. Medical professionals view fever as a natural defense mechanism against infections, though non-infectious causes such as reactions to medication or hormonal issues can also trigger it.
Infants and young children require special attention; if your baby shows symptoms like sore throat, cold, or cough along with a fever, consult a doctor. For infants under three months, a temperature of 100°F warrants immediate medical care.
What causes fever?
The hypothalamus in your brain controls body temperature, adjusting it based on environmental conditions. During infection, it raises your body's temperature to help fight off pathogens. Common infections causing fever include colds, inflammations, respiratory or urinary tract infections, and sometimes side effects from medications or vaccines. Other non-infectious factors like hormonal imbalances, blood clots, or autoimmune diseases can also lead to fever.
Diagnosing fever
Use a thermometer to check your temperature; above 100°F indicates a fever. Symptoms such as fatigue or drowsiness may accompany the rise in temperature. Generally, if a fever persists beyond a couple of days or reaches 107°F, medical attention is necessary.
Types of fever and their implications
Continuous Fever: Consistently above normal during the day, possibly indicating typhoid, pneumonia, UTI, or typhus.
Intermittent Fever: Fluctuates between high and normal, often signaling malaria or septicemia.
Remittent Fever: Fluctuates more than 1°C within 24 hours, which may suggest infective endocarditis or brucellosis.
Managing fever
Most fevers resolve naturally without treatment, and brain function remains unaffected unless the temperature reaches 107°F. Treatment options include medications like antipyretics (ibuprofen, paracetamol, or aspirin), with caution advised for children and specific age groups. Conservative methods, such as lukewarm sponge baths and staying well-hydrated, can also help reduce temperature. If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a healthcare professional is essential for proper diagnosis and management.
