Hepatitis C: Recognizing Symptoms and Prevention Strategies
Hepatitis C is a liver condition caused by a virus, often asymptomatic initially but can lead to serious health issues over time. Recognizing early signs like jaundice, fatigue, and stomach pain is vital. It spreads through blood contact, and management involves blood testing, antiviral therapy, and preventive practices such as safe injections and sex. Understanding symptoms and early intervention are key to preventing severe liver damage and associated complications.
Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus, which mainly damages the liver. The virus stays in the liver in about 75% to 85% of cases, leading to inflammation and potential serious liver issues. Transmission occurs through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles, unsterilized medical tools, blood transfusions, or from mother to child during birth. Sexual transmission is also possible but less common.
Identifiable symptoms
Symptoms often take one to three months post-infection to appear, and initial signs are frequently mild or absent.
Early hepatitis C symptoms
Jaundice, causing yellowing of skin and eyes, dark urine
Occasional fever
Stomach discomfort
Reduced appetite and weight loss
Bruising and bleeding tendencies
Fatigue and tiredness
Chronic hepatitis C symptoms
If the infection persists long-term, it can cause severe liver damage, including cirrhosis or cancer. Symptoms may include:
Persistent fatigue and cognitive issues
Fatty liver buildup
Portal hypertension
Jaundice
Easy bruising and bleeding
Swollen veins in stomach and esophagus
Impaired thinking or concentration
Additionally, hepatitis C can lead to extrahepatic conditions, such as vessel inflammation without liver involvement, showing symptoms like low platelet counts, insulin resistance, diabetic kidney issues, dry mouth, or oral lesions.
Some individuals may not show any symptoms, known as occult infections, despite being infected—characterized by normal liver enzyme levels and absence of antibodies.
Detection, prevention, and treatment
Hepatitis C is diagnosed via blood tests and treated primarily with antiviral medications. Severe cases may require liver transplantation. Preventive measures include avoiding sharing needles, practicing safe sex, and being cautious with medical instruments. Regular screenings and early detection are crucial for managing the disease effectively.
