Remedies for Retinal Tears and Detachment

The retina, an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), is the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye and the only part visible externally. It contains cones and rods — specialized cells responsible for color perception and low-light vision, respectively. Light hitting these cells is transformed into electrical signals sent to the brain via the optic nerve, enabling vision.

The retina can suffer from various problems, including degeneration and structural issues. Common conditions include retinal tears, detachments, and diabetic retinopathy. A retinal tear occurs when the vitreous gel contracts and pulls on the retina, causing it to tear. This painless event is marked by a sudden increase in floaters and flashes of light.

Symptoms such as peripheral shadowing, blurred vision, and increased floaters indicate potential issues. If fluid accumulates behind the retina, it can cause the retina to lift off from its underlying tissue. The most serious risk is progression to retinal detachment, indicated by new flashes or bright sparks. Prompt treatment is essential.

The primary treatments for both retinal tears and detachments include laser photocoagulation or cryopexy, which create scar tissue to seal the tear. Scleral buckling involves placing a flexible band around the eyeball to support the retina. Vitrectomy surgical removal of the vitreous replaces it with gas or oil to reattach the retina. Pneumatic retinopexy involves injecting a gas bubble to push the retina into place, often combined with laser or cryotherapy. Fluid behind the retina may require drainage, and eye positioning is critical for successful repair. Most procedures succeed in restoring vision, though some cases face scar tissue formation that impairs healing.