Effective Treatment Strategies for Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

Understanding Treatment Options for Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

When diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma, characterized by elevated eosinophil levels in the lungs, treatment focuses on controlling and alleviating symptoms. The primary goal is to lower eosinophil counts, helping individuals breathe easier. Many patients respond well to standard asthma therapies, but some may develop resistance. Multiple treatment modalities exist to prevent attacks and improve quality of life, including both traditional medications and advanced biologic options. Recent breakthroughs involve lab-engineered antibodies administered through injections, marking a new era in asthma care.

While some therapies aim to prevent airway inflammation, others focus on managing acute attacks. Advances in research have led to biologic medications—antibody-based treatments designed specifically for eosinophilic asthma. These therapies target the immune system's chemicals responsible for lung inflammation, offering hope to patients unresponsive to conventional drugs. Common treatments include corticosteroids, bronchodilators, leukotriene modifiers, bronchial thermoplasty, and biologics such as Benralizumab, Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, and Reslizumab.

Corticosteroids

These anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in inhaler form but are less effective alone in severe cases. Systemic corticosteroids in pill form can control symptoms but often cause side effects like weight gain, mood swings, and slowed growth. Patients should consult their doctors before use.

Rescue Inhalers

Fast-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief during attacks by relaxing airway muscles and reducing swelling. Side effects may include dry mouth and rapid heartbeat.

Leukotriene Modifiers

These medicines block chemicals that cause airway inflammation, helping restore normal breathing. Some patients may experience side effects like anxiety; medical guidance is essential.

Bronchial Thermoplasty

This invasive procedure is considered when medications fail. It involves heating airway muscles to prevent contraction and reduce attack severity. Multiple sessions are often required.

Biologics

Biologics are custom-made antibodies that target inflammatory pathways in eosinophilic asthma. These drugs are injected and have shown significant reduction in attacks and steroid use. Common biologics include Benralizumab, Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, and Reslizumab, which specifically inhibit eosinophil activity and inflammatory chemicals. They are generally well-tolerated but can rarely cause serious reactions like allergic responses.

Benralizumab for Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

Benralizumab, an antibody targeting Interleukin-5, is approved for patients over 12 with severe eosinophilic asthma. It has demonstrated a 51% reduction in attack frequency, a 75% decrease in daily oral steroid requirements, and improved lung function in clinical trials. Administered via injections every four to eight weeks, patients should discuss potential side effects such as allergic reactions, breathing difficulties, and swelling with their healthcare provider. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek medical advice before use.