Understanding Menopause: Symptoms, Causes, and Risks
Menopause signifies the end of a woman's reproductive years, typically occurring between ages 40 and 50. It involves symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and hormonal changes. Causes include hormonal decline and surgical removal of reproductive organs. Understanding these aspects helps women manage menopause-related health risks effectively.
Menopause marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycle and fertility, confirmed after 12 months without menstruation. Typically occurring in women in their 40s or 50s, some may experience early menopause in their late 30s. This transition can bring various symptoms and discomforts, though most do not require medical treatment. This article provides essential information about menopause.
Signs of menopause
The phase leading up to menopause, called perimenopause, often includes symptoms such as:
Irregular menstrual patterns
Vaginal dryness
Hot flashes and night sweats
Chills
Sleep disturbances
Mood swings
Weight gain
Slowed metabolism
Hair thinning
Dry skin
Less full breasts
These symptoms can vary widely between women. Irregular periods during perimenopause are common, with cycles becoming shorter or skipped. However, irregular menstruation does not prevent pregnancy; sexually active women should use contraception and consider pregnancy tests if cycles are missed before menopause.
Causes of menopause
Hormonal decline: As women age into their late 30s, estrogen and progesterone production drops, affecting fertility and causing physical changes like weight gain and mood shifts.
Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus can induce menopause, especially with complete removal of ovaries, leading to immediate hormone deficiency symptoms.
Associated risks
Vaginal atrophy
Discomfort during sex
Slower metabolism
Osteoporosis risk
Severe mood swings
Gum and dental issues
Bladder control problems
Heart and vascular conditions
