Understanding Seasonal Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief Options

Approximately 8% of Americans experience allergies that are tied to specific times of the year, as noted by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These seasonal allergies happen when the immune system overreacts to outdoor allergens like pollen, mainly from wind-pollinated plants such as trees, grasses, and weeds. Insect-pollinated plants rarely cause allergies since their pollen doesn’t remain airborne for long. Depending on your location, you might face allergies in multiple seasons due to different plant pollen release times.

Identifying triggers is key to managing seasonal allergies. The primary offender is ragweed, prevalent on the East Coast and Midwest, releasing pollen from August through November. Other common plants include Burning Bush, Lamb’s-quarters, Mugwort, Tumbleweed, and Russian Thistle. Weather factors significantly influence allergy severity; warm days promote pollen growth, while rainy days may temporarily decrease pollen but often lead to increased counts afterward. Humid and hot conditions foster mold growth, which can also trigger allergies. High winds during warm weather disperse pollen into the air, increasing exposure.

Symptoms range from mild to severe and include sneezing, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, itchy and watery eyes, and throat discomfort. Spring allergies often lead to a runny nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, and dark circles beneath the eyes. Less common symptoms can involve headaches, shortness of breath, wheezing, or asthma episodes, especially in individuals with existing asthma. If you suffer from seasonal allergies and asthma, pollen exposure might worsen your symptoms.

Effective treatment options include various medications. Antihistamines, available over-the-counter, help block histamines that cause allergy symptoms. They come in pills and liquids but may cause drowsiness, so caution is advised. Non-sedating antihistamines are also available with a prescription. Nasal corticosteroids, sprayed directly into the nose, reduce inflammation and are effective for symptom relief. Decongestants, available as pills or sprays, help alleviate nasal congestion but are for short-term use to prevent rebound effects. Immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or oral tablets, gradually builds tolerance to allergens, reducing symptoms over time. These treatments should be started months before allergy season and are best managed under medical supervision.

If you suspect seasonal allergies, consult your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment. Following a seasonal allergy plan and avoiding known triggers can significantly improve your quality of life during allergy seasons.