Understanding Sjogren’s Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder primarily targeting moisture-producing glands, such as salivary and tear glands. The immune system mistakenly inflames tissues, leading to gland damage. People with this condition may face complications like lung issues, kidney problems, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Consulting healthcare providers is essential for effective management of symptoms.

Causes of Sjogren’s Syndrome
Although the exact cause remains unknown, genetic factors may influence susceptibility. The higher prevalence in women suggests hormones like estrogen could play a role. The immune system attacks moisture glands first, but other organs such as joints, thyroid, and lungs can also be affected.

Signs and Symptoms of Sjogren’s Syndrome
Dry eyes and mouth are hallmark symptoms, often occurring alongside other autoimmune disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation affects glands responsible for saliva and tears, causing dryness and discomfort. It can also lead to joint pain and swelling.

Most individuals diagnosed are over 40, though it can occur at any age. Additional signs include:
• Dental decay and tooth loss
• Persistent dry mouth and cough
• Difficulty speaking, eating, or swallowing
• Swollen salivary glands
• Oral thrush

The dry eyes symptoms include:
• Sensation of grit or sand in eyes
• Heavy or tired eyes
• Itching and irritation
• Sensitivity to light
• Red, swollen eyelids
• Blurred vision

Other systemic effects may involve fatigue, muscle stiffness, numbness, and nerve issues. Lung problems and blood vessel inflammation are also common complications.

Managing Sjogren’s Syndrome
Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, including primary healthcare, dentists, rheumatologists, ophthalmologists, and ENT specialists. Management strategies aim to reduce inflammation, increase moisture, and address organ involvement. For dry eyes, prescription eye drops, artificial tears, and punctal plugs help retain moisture. For dry mouth, saliva stimulants, substitutes, and special mouthwashes are used to prevent cavities and infections. Pain relievers and immunosuppressants assist in easing joint pain and protecting organs from immune attack. Regular medical care ensures comprehensive management of the condition.