Understanding and Managing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer affecting the bone marrow and bloodstream, mostly impacting older adults. It results from genetic mutations where blood cell chromosomes swap places, leading to abnormal white blood cells called leukemia cells. The exact cause is unknown, but radiation exposure can increase risk. CML develops in three stages: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis, with progression typically slow. Early diagnosis is crucial, and treatment aims to control white blood cell levels through medications like chemotherapy and biologic agents. Stem cell therapy may be considered if other treatments fail.

Symptoms often vary depending on the disease stage. In the initial phase, many individuals are asymptomatic. As CML progresses to the accelerated and blast phases, symptoms include fatigue, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, abdominal swelling, bone pain, bleeding, infections, and skin tumors. Changes in vision, ringing in the ears, and stroke-like symptoms may also occur. Early detection through blood tests, bone marrow analysis, and imaging is vital. Although a complete cure isn't currently available, treatment helps manage symptoms and prolong life. Stem cell transplants are an option in resistant cases.