Comprehensive Guide to Trigger Finger: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Trigger finger causes fingers to lock or stiffen, resulting in pain and limited movement. Common among individuals with repetitive hand use or health conditions like diabetes, it can be managed with treatments such as splinting, exercises, or procedures like surgery. Early intervention helps restore finger mobility and reduce discomfort.
Trigger finger is a condition where a finger becomes locked in a bent position, causing pain or stiffness when trying to straighten it. Known medically as stenosing tenosynovitis, it commonly affects individuals involved in repetitive gripping or finger movements—such as farmers, musicians, and cashiers. Women and those with diabetes are also at higher risk. When the thumb is affected, it is called trigger thumb.
Key symptoms
A tender bump at the base of the finger on the palm side is a primary indicator. Limited finger movement, clicking sounds, pain during bending or straightening, and increased stiffness after inactivity are common. Severe cases may result in the finger remaining locked, requiring manual assistance to straighten.
Restoring finger flexibility involves various treatment options, starting with non-invasive methods. Medical treatments include prescribed medications and splinting, especially during sleep, to keep the finger in an extended position. Gentle stretching exercises, such as kneading clay, can improve mobility. Rest and avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms are beneficial, with protective gloves recommended when necessary. Home remedies like warm water soaks infused with eucalyptus or peppermint oil may help reduce discomfort. Hand massages can also provide relief, but consulting a healthcare professional beforehand is advised.
For more advanced cases, procedures like percutaneous release—where a needle breaks up constricting tissue—and trigger finger release surgery—making a small incision to cut the constricted tendon sheath—are effective options. Post-treatment physical therapy can further enhance recovery.
Understanding the causes of trigger finger involves recognizing that tendons controlling finger movements can become inflamed or swollen, hampering their glide through the sheath. Repeated strain, inflammation, or bumps can cause tendons to snap or pop during movement.
Risk factors include chronic health conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and diabetes; age groups 40-60; and women. Professions requiring repetitive finger motion, like musicians and farmers, are more prone to developing this condition.
