Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy: Causes and Symptoms

Persistent high blood sugar levels over time can significantly impact bodily health, especially if not managed properly. One common complication among diabetics is diabetic neuropathy, which results in intense, shooting pains primarily in the lower extremities. This condition arises from nerve damage affecting signal transmission to the legs and feet. Diabetic nerve pain manifests in four main forms: peripheral, autonomic, proximal, and focal.

Types of diabetic nerve damage

Peripheral: This form mainly affects the feet and legs, occasionally involving arms, abdomen, or back. Symptoms include numbness, burning sensation, tingling, and pain, which can be alleviated through early treatment and blood sugar control.

Autonomic: This form impacts the autonomic nervous system, mainly affecting the digestive organs like the stomach, leading to issues such as diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, nausea, and bloating. It can also influence blood vessels, causing dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and low blood pressure. When affecting the urinary system, symptoms include difficulty urinating, increased or uncontrolled urination.

Proximal: Usually affecting the thighs, hips, or buttocks, proximal neuropathy can weaken leg muscles. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent muscle deterioration and reduce pain.

Focal: Targeting specific nerves, this type affects areas like the eyes, torso, and legs, leading to symptoms such as vision issues, severe lower back and leg pain, or paralysis. These symptoms tend to worsen over time and require medical attention.

Diabetic nerve pain presents with various other signs, and in some cases, doctors may recommend treatments like Invokana, Tanzeum, or glucagon-based therapies to manage the condition effectively.