Understanding Epstein-Barr Virus: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known for causing infectious mononucleosis, often called mono or the "kissing disease" due to its transmission through saliva. Besides saliva, it can spread via blood and semen. Common symptoms include exhaustion, fever, sore throat, chills, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. While symptoms may suggest mono, proper diagnosis requires medical evaluation and testing.

Symptoms like fatigue and sore throat are not exclusive to EBV infections; therefore, consulting a healthcare professional and undergoing specific tests is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis

Key indicators of mononucleosis include an enlarged spleen and swollen liver. The spleen, situated in the upper left abdomen, plays a role in filtering blood and supporting immune defense. During diagnosis, doctors will also examine the tonsils for white patches. Blood tests are essential to detect EBV, focusing on specific antibodies and atypical white blood cells.

Testing allows for targeted confirmation of an EBV infection, guiding appropriate management.

Treatment

Since EBV lacks a specific cure, management centers on alleviating symptoms and supporting recovery:

While antibiotics may temporarily relieve symptoms, they don’t eliminate the virus. Patience and supportive care are crucial for complete recovery.

Stay well-hydrated by consuming electrolyte-rich drinks and ensure adequate rest to facilitate healing.

Throat discomfort can be eased with lozenges, saltwater gargles, or pain relievers, while body aches benefit from over-the-counter pain medication.

It’s important to avoid strenuous activities that may strain your spleen or worsen symptoms.

Additional health issues linked to EBV include ear infections or diarrhea in children, cancers of the nose or throat, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.