Understanding Crohn’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Crohn’s disease is a long-term inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It can involve any part from the mouth to the anus, but it most frequently impacts the small intestine. Additionally, it may present symptoms in the eyes, skin, and joints.

Common signs include diarrhea, stomach pain, and cramping. Additional symptoms may involve fever, fatigue, bloody stools, mouth sores, appetite loss, and weight reduction.

Other manifestations include inflammation of the skin, joints, eyes, and liver or bile ducts.

In pediatric cases, the disease can hinder growth and sexual development.

Possible causes include immune system irregularities and genetics, although the precise cause remains uncertain. An infection or bacteria may trigger the immune system to attack the digestive tissues, causing inflammation. A family history further increases risk.

Risk factors encompass age (most often diagnosed before 30), ethnicity, smoking habits, lifestyle choices, and diet. Certain medications, like NSAIDs, can exacerbate the condition. Lifestyle and dietary choices such as high-fat, processed foods also contribute to higher risk.

Key risk factors include:

Younger age, primarily under 30

Higher prevalence among individuals of Jewish descent

Smoking, plus unhealthy diet and lifestyle

Use of specific medications like NSAIDs

Dietary habits involving processed and fatty foods

Potential complications are serious but manageable with proper care. They include bowel obstructions, tissue scarring, and narrowing, which may necessitate surgery. Chronic inflammation can lead to ulcers and tearing near the anus, resulting in painful bowel movements or fistulas. Other issues include anemia, skin conditions, arthritis, and liver or gallbladder disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent these complications and maintain health.