Understanding Acid Reflux and Heartburn: Essential Facts

Feeling a burning sensation in the chest, just behind the sternum, is a common experience, especially after hearty meals. Occasional heartburns are usually not concerning. However, if these episodes become frequent, they may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Persistent heartburn suggests that the stomach and esophagus are affected. It's important to know when to seek medical attention. If you notice symptoms like heartburn more than twice weekly, increasing severity, sleep disturbances, swallowing difficulties, or daily routine impacts, consult a healthcare professional.

Signs and Symptoms of Acid Reflux / GERD

Common indicators include:

A burning sensation in the chest, often after large meals and at night

Chest pain

Difficulty swallowing

Food coming back into the mouth

Sensation of a lump in the throat

Nighttime acid reflux may also cause:

Persistent coughing

Interrupted sleep

Exacerbation of asthma symptoms

Laryngitis

If symptoms worsen or severe chest pain occurs, seek medical help immediately. Symptoms like shortness of breath or pain radiating to the jaw or arm require urgent care.

Causes of Acid Reflux / GERD

GERD arises mainly when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) malfunctions. The LES is a ring of muscles at the esophagus entrance that opens to let food pass and closes afterward. In GERD, the LES fails to close properly, allowing stomach acids and contents to flow back, irritating the esophagus.

Risk Factors

Various factors increase GERD risk, including:

Obesity

Pregnancy

Connective tissue disorders

Hiatal hernia

Lifestyle factors also contribute:

Eating large or unhealthy meals

Smoking

Sleeping immediately after eating

Consuming spicy, fried foods, or beverages like soda and coffee

Use of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen